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Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techsapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
dall'ethereum whitepaperhttps://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.

Please consider the environment before printing this message, 50% of the above is useless!-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto daNon Autenticatoil 2017-06-23 18:16:02.0 alle 2017-06-23 18:16:02.0Scritto da: dada216
> sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
>
> dall'ethereum whitepaper
>https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

>
>
> A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
>
> Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
>
>


Tutto bello, la cosa ridicola è che data la complessità qualcuno si brucerà sempre e il padre e padrone di ethereum imporrà la sua volontà dall'alto forkando ad libitum. Ieri DAO, domani chissà.-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto da:
> Scritto da: dada216
> > sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
> >
> > dall'ethereum whitepaper
> >https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

> >
> >
> > A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
> >
> > Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
> >
> >


>
> Tutto bello,
sconvolgentemente "bello" nel senso di utile, sapevo dei bitcoin e sapevo del mining, mi ero perso completamente lo sviluppo della virtual machine dentro la blockchain, ed anche io ho fatto il click mentale "distributed trust network, not just a currency!" e sono saltato sulla sedia, indipendentemente da ethereum e da tutte le possibili implementazioni e loro storia questa tecnologia qui mi sa che la vedremo spuntare un po dovunque in una forma od un altra, ha potenzialita' immense e campi di applicazione illimitati.
>la cosa ridicola è che data la complessità qualcuno si brucerà sempre e il padre e padrone di ethereum imporrà la sua volontà dall'alto forkando ad libitum. Ieri DAO, domani chissà.
penso che sia una di quelle partite in cui ci sono tanti gruppi che possono cominciare a farla da "padre padrone" in questa o quella currency/blockchain.
se alice, bob e john usano la stessa blockchain e ad un certo punto alice litiga con bob e vuole forkare la chain questa non e' una perdita per la tecnologia, l'opposto, fino ad ora mi e' parso di vedere che ad ogni fork alice e bob invitassero sempre piu' amici sulla propria blockchain riuscendo comunque a non far perdere i soldi a john, cui non fregava un cazzo di tutto cio, portandoci al punto in cui siamo oggi in cui credo che i bitcoin abbiano raggiunto la massa minima per cominciare a fare network effect e le altcoin sono tutte collegate ai bitcoin portando avanti sviluppo e arricchimenti vari, l'ecosistema promuove sviluppo, adozione e guadagni per tutti gli attori, non vedo come possa fermarsi.Please consider the environment before printing this message, 50% of the above is useless!-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto daNon Autenticatoil 2017-06-23 23:17:27.0 alle 2017-06-23 23:17:27.0Scritto da: dada216
> Scritto da:
> > Scritto da: dada216
> > > sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
> > >
> > > dall'ethereum whitepaper
> > >https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

> > >
> > >
> > > A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
> > >
> > > Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
> > >
> > >


> >
> > Tutto bello,
>
> sconvolgentemente "bello" nel senso di utile, sapevo dei bitcoin e sapevo del mining, mi ero perso completamente lo sviluppo della virtual machine dentro la blockchain, ed anche io ho fatto il click mentale "distributed trust network, not just a currency!" e sono saltato sulla sedia, indipendentemente da ethereum e da tutte le possibili implementazioni e loro storia questa tecnologia qui mi sa che la vedremo spuntare un po dovunque in una forma od un altra, ha potenzialita' immense e campi di applicazione illimitati.
>
> > la cosa ridicola è che data la complessità qualcuno si brucerà sempre e il padre e padrone di ethereum imporrà la sua volontà dall'alto forkando ad libitum. Ieri DAO, domani chissà.
>
> penso che sia una di quelle partite in cui ci sono tanti gruppi che possono cominciare a farla da "padre padrone" in questa o quella currency/blockchain.
>
> se alice, bob e john usano la stessa blockchain e ad un certo punto alice litiga con bob e vuole forkare la chain questa non e' una perdita per la tecnologia, l'opposto, fino ad ora mi e' parso di vedere che ad ogni fork alice e bob invitassero sempre piu' amici sulla propria blockchain riuscendo comunque a non far perdere i soldi a john, cui non fregava un cazzo di tutto cio, portandoci al punto in cui siamo oggi in cui credo che i bitcoin abbiano raggiunto la massa minima per cominciare a fare network effect e le altcoin sono tutte collegate ai bitcoin portando avanti sviluppo e arricchimenti vari, l'ecosistema promuove sviluppo, adozione e guadagni per tutti gli attori, non vedo come possa fermarsi.
-
-
-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto daNon Autenticatoil 2017-06-23 19:06:00.0 alle 2017-06-23 19:06:00.0Scritto da: dada216
> sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
>
> dall'ethereum whitepaper
>https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

>
>
> A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
>
> Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
>
>


Anch'io faccio quelle facce lì, ma non ci ho capito niente.-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto da:
> Scritto da: dada216
> > sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
> >
> > dall'ethereum whitepaper
> >https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

> >
> >
> > A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
> >
> > Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
> >
> >


>
> Anch'io faccio quelle facce lì, ma non ci ho capito niente.
hai capito che cosa e' una blockchain?Please consider the environment before printing this message, 50% of the above is useless!-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto daNon Autenticatoil 2017-06-23 23:13:22.0 alle 2017-06-23 23:13:22.0Scritto da: dada216
> Scritto da:
> > Scritto da: dada216
> > > sapevate di questa ficiur di ethereum? a quanto pare e' gia implementata.
> > >
> > > dall'ethereum whitepaper
> > >https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

> > >
> > >
> > > A Next-Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform
> > >
> > > Satoshi Nakamoto's development of Bitcoin in 2009 has often been hailed as a radical development in money and currency, being the first example of a digital asset which simultaneously has no backing or "intrinsic value" and no centralized issuer or controller. However, another, arguably more important, part of the Bitcoin experiment is the underlying blockchain technology as a tool of distributed consensus, and attention is rapidly starting to shift to this other aspect of Bitcoin. Commonly cited alternative applications of blockchain technology include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin"), as well as more complex applications involving having digital assets being directly controlled by a piece of code implementing arbitrary rules ("smart contracts") or even blockchain-based "decentralized autonomous organizations" (DAOs). What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.
> > >
> > >


> >
> > Anch'io faccio quelle facce lì, ma non ci ho capito niente.
>
> hai capito che cosa e' una blockchain?
No, sono arrivato proprio lì. È difficile trovare siti che lo spieghino bene (e mi chiedo perché) ma credo di aver capito che la blockchain è un meccanismo per assicurarsi dell'ordine corretto delle transazioni ed evitare con ciò che gli stessi bitcoin possano essere spesi più volte. In presenza di due eventuali transazioni sugli stessi bitcoin la blockchain stabilisce quale è arrivata prima, o qualcosa di simile.-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto da:
>
> No, sono arrivato proprio lì. È difficile trovare siti che lo
> spieghino bene (e mi chiedo perché)
perche' non sai cercare
cerchi in inglese?
cmq questo
e' il bitcoin whitepaper originale, ed e' ancora piu' o meno la base di tutto e contiene una spiegazione dettagliata della tecnologia di base.
in inglese sta qui
, quello italiano mi sembrava tradotto malino, ma non l'ho letto, ho letto quello inglese e ti ho postato sotto quello ita
questi invece sono due paper riguardo ad ethereum, che e' molto meglio documentata di tante altre cryptocurrency, salvo bitcoin, che e' solo inflazionata di risultati riguardo alla ricerca di documentazione valida.
questa la ehtereum wikihttps://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki

ethereum whitepaper, online, in inglese, contiene una spiegazione dettagliatahttps://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

ethereum yellow paper, questo direi che e' la risorsa piu' tecnica e dettagliata che io abbia trovato riguardo a qualunque cryptocurrency.
http://paper.gavwood.com/
> ma credo di aver capito che la blockchain è un meccanismo per assicurarsi dell'ordine corretto delle transazioni ed evitare con ciò che gli stessi bitcoin possano essere spesi più volte.
corretto, ma non solo, leggi il whitepaper sui bitcoin linkato sopra.
>In presenza di due eventuali transazioni sugli stessi bitcoin la blockchain stabilisce quale è arrivata prima, o qualcosa di simile.
non sono sicuro di cio, penso che la risposta sia questa, viene dal whitepaper sui bitcoin, non sono sicuro di comprendere il meccanismo fino in fondo. insomma arrangiati.
I nodi considerano sempre come corretta la catena più lunga e continueranno a lavorare per allungarla. Se due nodi trasmettono diverse versioni del blocco successivo contemporaneamente, alcuni nodi possono ricevere l'una o l'altra prima. In tal caso, questi lavorano sul primo che hanno ricevuto, ma salvano l'altra ramificazione nel caso diventi più lunga. Questo impasse sarà risolto quando la proof-of-work successiva viene trovata e una delle ramificazioni diventa più lunga; i nodi che stavano lavorando sull'altra ramificazione a quel punto si sposteranno su quella più lunga.
cmq la storia degli smart contract la trovo molto interessante.
Ad oggi si devono usare le lettere di credito per fare cio, ed il costo e' estremamente alto.
AGGIUNTA:
dall'ethereum yellow paper:
10. Blocktree to Blockchain
The canonical blockchain is a path from root to leaf through the entire block tree. In order to have consensus over which path it is, conceptually we identify the path that has had the most computation done upon it, or, the heaviest path. Clearly one factor that helps determine the heaviest path is the block number of the leaf, equivalent to the number of blocks, not counting the unmined genesis
block, in the path. The longer the path, the greater the total mining effort that must have been done in order to arrive at the leaf. This is akin to existing schemes, such as that employed in Bitcoin-derived protocols. Since a block header includes the difficulty, the header
alone is enough to validate the computation done. Any block contributes toward the total computation or total difficulty of a chain.
questo per quanto riguarda il problema dovuto ai messaggi trasmessi alla rete in best effort, non sei mai sicuro di chi abbia ricevuto cosa.
il seguito invece riguarda ethereum, che a me pare essere un ulteriore passo avanti.
Ethereum, taken as a whole, can be viewed as a transaction-based state machine: we begin with a genesis state and incrementally execute transactions to morph it into some final state. It is this final state which we accept as the canonical “version” of the world of Ethereum.
The state can include such information as account balances, reputations, trust arrangements, data pertaining to information of the physical world; in short, anything that can currently be represented by a computer is admissible. Transactions thus represent a valid arc between two states; the ‘valid’ part is important—there exist far more invalid state changes than valid state changes. Invalid
state changes might, e.g. be things such as reducing an account balance without an equal and opposite increase elsewhere. A valid state transition is one which comes about through a transaction.
Formally:
(1) σt+1 ≡ Υ(σt, T)
where Υ is the Ethereum state transition function. In Ethereum, Υ, together with σ are considerably more powerful then any existing comparable system; Υ allows components to carry out arbitrary computation, while σ allows components to store arbitrary state between transactions.
Transactions are collated into blocks; blocks are chained together using a cryptographic hash as a means of reference. Blocks function as a journal, recording a series of transactions together with the previous block and an identifier for the final state (though do not store the final state itself—that would be far too big). They also punctuate the transaction series with incentives for nodes to mine. This incentivisation takes place as a state-transition function, adding value to a nominated account. Mining is the process of dedicating effort (working) to bolster one series of transactions (a block) over any other potential competitor block. It is achieved thanks to a cryptographically secure proof. This scheme is known as
a proof-of-work and is discussed in detail in section 11.5.
Formally, we expand to:
(2) σt+1 ≡ Π(σt , B)
(3) B ≡ (..., (T0, T1, ...))
(4) Π(σ, B) ≡ Ω(B, Υ(Υ(σ, T0), T1)...)
Where Ω is the block-finalisation state transition function (a function that rewards a nominated party); B is this block, which includes a series of transactions amongst some other components; and Π is the block-level state-transition function.
This is the basis of the blockchain paradigm, a model that forms the backbone of not only Ethereum, but all decentralised consensus-based transaction systems to date.
**Modificato dall'autore il 24.06.2017 01:11**Please consider the environment before printing this message, 50% of the above is useless!-
Re: Bitcoin, Ethereum, cryptocurrency & blockchain techScritto daNon Autenticatoil 2017-06-24 02:12:51.0 alle 2017-06-24 02:12:51.0Scritto da: dada216
> Scritto da:
> >
> > No, sono arrivato proprio lì. È difficile trovare siti che lo
> > spieghino bene (e mi chiedo perché)
>
> perche' non sai cercare
>
>
> cerchi in inglese?
In realtà ho cercato "bitcoin crash course" perché vorrei istruzioni per scaricare un wallet, creare un account, ricevere un pagamento ovvero farmi mandare una somma (minuscola), effettuare un pagamento ovvero restituire quella somma. Magari vedere la differenza se paghi una commissione ai miner o no.
> cmq questo
e' il bitcoin whitepaper originale, ed e' ancora piu' o meno la base di tutto e contiene una spiegazione dettagliata della tecnologia di base.
>
> in inglese sta qui
, quello italiano mi sembrava tradotto malino, ma non l'ho letto, ho letto quello inglese e ti ho postato sotto quello ita
>
>
> questi invece sono due paper riguardo ad ethereum, che e' molto meglio documentata di tante altre cryptocurrency, salvo bitcoin, che e' solo inflazionata di risultati riguardo alla ricerca di documentazione valida.
>
> questa la ehtereum wiki
>https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki

>
> ethereum whitepaper, online, in inglese, contiene una spiegazione dettagliata
>
>https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/White-Paper

>
> ethereum yellow paper, questo direi che e' la risorsa piu' tecnica e dettagliata che io abbia trovato riguardo a qualunque cryptocurrency.
>
> http://paper.gavwood.com/
>
> > ma credo di aver capito che la blockchain è un meccanismo per assicurarsi dell'ordine corretto delle transazioni ed evitare con ciò che gli stessi bitcoin possano essere spesi più volte.
>
> corretto, ma non solo, leggi il whitepaper sui bitcoin linkato sopra.
>
> > In presenza di due eventuali transazioni sugli stessi bitcoin la blockchain stabilisce quale è arrivata prima, o qualcosa di simile.
>
> non sono sicuro di cio, penso che la risposta sia questa, viene dal whitepaper sui bitcoin, non sono sicuro di comprendere il meccanismo fino in fondo. insomma arrangiati.
>
>
> I nodi considerano sempre come corretta la catena più lunga e continueranno a lavorare per allungarla. Se due nodi trasmettono diverse versioni del blocco successivo contemporaneamente, alcuni nodi possono ricevere l'una o l'altra prima. In tal caso, questi lavorano sul primo che hanno ricevuto, ma salvano l'altra ramificazione nel caso diventi più lunga. Questo impasse sarà risolto quando la proof-of-work successiva viene trovata e una delle ramificazioni diventa più lunga; i nodi che stavano lavorando sull'altra ramificazione a quel punto si sposteranno su quella più lunga.
>
> cmq la storia degli smart contract la trovo molto interessante.
> Ad oggi si devono usare le lettere di credito per fare cio, ed il costo e' estremamente alto.
>
>
>
> AGGIUNTA:
>
> dall'ethereum yellow paper:
>
> 10. Blocktree to Blockchain
> The canonical blockchain is a path from root to leaf through the entire block tree. In order to have consensus over which path it is, conceptually we identify the path that has had the most computation done upon it, or, the heaviest path. Clearly one factor that helps determine the heaviest path is the block number of the leaf, equivalent to the number of blocks, not counting the unmined genesis
> block, in the path. The longer the path, the greater the total mining effort that must have been done in order to arrive at the leaf. This is akin to existing schemes, such as that employed in Bitcoin-derived protocols. Since a block header includes the difficulty, the header
> alone is enough to validate the computation done. Any block contributes toward the total computation or total difficulty of a chain.
>
> questo per quanto riguarda il problema dovuto ai messaggi trasmessi alla rete in best effort, non sei mai sicuro di chi abbia ricevuto cosa.
>
>
> il seguito invece riguarda ethereum, che a me pare essere un ulteriore passo avanti.
>
>
> Ethereum, taken as a whole, can be viewed as a transaction-based state machine: we begin with a genesis state and incrementally execute transactions to morph it into some final state. It is this final state which we accept as the canonical “version” of the world of Ethereum.
>
> The state can include such information as account balances, reputations, trust arrangements, data pertaining to information of the physical world; in short, anything that can currently be represented by a computer is admissible. Transactions thus represent a valid arc between two states; the ‘valid’ part is important—there exist far more invalid state changes than valid state changes. Invalid
> state changes might, e.g. be things such as reducing an account balance without an equal and opposite increase elsewhere. A valid state transition is one which comes about through a transaction.
> Formally:
>
> (1) σt+1 ≡ Υ(σt, T)
>
> where Υ is the Ethereum state transition function. In Ethereum, Υ, together with σ are considerably more powerful then any existing comparable system; Υ allows components to carry out arbitrary computation, while σ allows components to store arbitrary state between transactions.
> Transactions are collated into blocks; blocks are chained together using a cryptographic hash as a means of reference. Blocks function as a journal, recording a series of transactions together with the previous block and an identifier for the final state (though do not store the final state itself—that would be far too big). They also punctuate the transaction series with incentives for nodes to mine. This incentivisation takes place as a state-transition function, adding value to a nominated account. Mining is the process of dedicating effort (working) to bolster one series of transactions (a block) over any other potential competitor block. It is achieved thanks to a cryptographically secure proof. This scheme is known as
> a proof-of-work and is discussed in detail in section 11.5.
>
> Formally, we expand to:
>
> (2) σt+1 ≡ Π(σt , B)
> (3) B ≡ (..., (T0, T1, ...))
> (4) Π(σ, B) ≡ Ω(B, Υ(Υ(σ, T0), T1)...)
>
> Where Ω is the block-finalisation state transition function (a function that rewards a nominated party); B is this block, which includes a series of transactions amongst some other components; and Π is the block-level state-transition function.
> This is the basis of the blockchain paradigm, a model that forms the backbone of not only Ethereum, but all decentralised consensus-based transaction systems to date.
>
> **Modificato dall'autore il 24.06.2017 01:11**
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